Star Wars: The Clone Wars (TV series)

Star Wars: The Clone Wars is an animated television series set in the Star Wars galaxy. It debuted on Cartoon Network on October 3, 2008. Set between the events of Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones and Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, it covers the same time period as the 2003 television series Star Wars: Clone Wars, as well as the many other stories that have been told in the Clone Wars multimedia project. The second season will start airing in the fall of 2009.

It deals with the various conflicts between the Galactic Republic and the Confederacy of Independent Systems, both being manipulated by Supreme Chancellor Palpatine aka Darth Sidious, who was planning to turn Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker into his next Sith apprentice. The series is produced in high-definition, and has a 22-minute runtime like that of the previous animated series Star Wars: Droids and Star Wars: Ewoks.

Episodes
Although the series was created in a serial/anthology format, each episode is also designed to be stand-alone, with an opening narration and moral to each story. Henry Gilroy gained inspiration for the episode titles from the pulpy adventure sci-fi serials of the 1930s. As of February 2008, over 30 episodes had been produced. Each season will consist of 22 episodes, and TNT has signed a multi-seasonal agreement. The episodes were produced in widescreen. The first season is completed, the second is in production, and the third is being developed. Lucas expects the series to run for four or five years, but will produce 100 episodes regardless of ratings.

The series debuted with a feature film of the same name in theaters on August 15, 2008. The self-contained story focused primarily on Obi-Wan Kenobi, Anakin Skywalker, and Ahsoka Tano. However, the TV series will look at the war from a larger point of view and focus on other characters and events. The first season, which picks up where the film leaves off, consists of 22 episodes.

To accompany the episodes, StarWars.com is hosting a weekly web comic, as well as a HoloNet News podcast. Each episode will be available on iTunes the day after it airs, and on StarWars.com and CartoonNetwork.com a week after it airs.

Cast and characters

 * Matt Lanter as Anakin Skywalker
 * Ashley Eckstein as Ahsoka Tano
 * James Arnold Taylor as Obi-Wan Kenobi, Plo Koon and Pantoran Assembly Representative
 * Tom Kane as Yoda, Wullf Yularen and Narrator
 * Matthew Wood as General Grievous and the battle droids
 * Dee Bradley Baker as Captain Rex, Commander Cody, Commander Thire, Commander Gree, Commander Bly, Onaconda Farr, Pilf Mukmuk, Thi-Sen and the clone troopers
 * Corey Burton as Count Dooku and Senator Kharrus
 * Nika Futterman as Asajj Ventress
 * Ian Abercrombie as Palpatine
 * Terrence Carson as Mace Windu
 * Catherine Taber as Padmé Amidala and Angel
 * Anthony Daniels as C-3PO
 * BJ Hughes as Jar Jar Binks
 * Olivia d'Abo as Luminara Unduli
 * Phil LaMarr as Kit Fisto, Amit Noloff and the '''tactical droids
 * Jennifer Hale as Aayla Secura and Senator Riyo Chuchi
 * Tom Kenny as Nute Gunray, Silood, and Nahdar Vebb
 * George Takei as Lok Durd
 * Brian George as King Katuunko and Chairman Chi Cho
 * Gwendoline Yeo as Nala Se, Bettie-Bot VJ and Peppi Bow
 * Ron Perlman as Gha Nachkt
 * James Marsters as Captain Argyus
 * Jim Cummings as Hondo Ohnaka
 * Greg Ellis as Turk Falso
 * George Coe as Tee Watt Kaa
 * Alec Medlock as Wag Too
 * Robin Atkin Downes as Pantoran Guard
 * Michael York as Dr. Nuvo Vindi
 * James Mathis III as Captain Typho
 * Jameelah McMillan as Queen Neeyutnee
 * David Kaufman as Jaybo Hood
 * David Acord as Vindi's rabbit droid, Aqualish technician and A-4D
 * Seth Green
 * Jaime King
 * Greg Proops as Tal Merrick

Samuel L. Jackson expressed interest in reprising his role as Mace Windu for the series, and ended up voicing the character for the feature film. Hayden Christensen also expressed interest in reprising his role as Anakin Skywalker, but was not asked to return.

Crew
Directors:
 * Dave Bullock
 * Rob Coleman
 * Dave Filoni&mdash;supervising
 * Steward Lee
 * Brian Kalin O'Connell
 * Jesse Yeh
 * Justin Ridge
 * George Samilski
 * Atsushi Takeuchi&mdash;visual effects, animation

Writers:
 * Kevin Campbell&mdash;writer
 * Paul Dini&mdash;writer
 * Henry Gilroy&mdash;writer/story editor
 * Steve Melching&mdash;writer
 * Tim Burns&mdash;writer
 * George Krstic&mdash;writer
 * George Lucas&mdash;characters and universe/creator and creative guide, story
 * Katie Lucas
 * Scott Murphy&mdash;writer
 * Bill Canterbury&mdash;writer
 * Julie Siege&mdash;writer
 * Kevin Rubio&mdash;writer
 * Randy Stradley&mdash;co-wrote one episode

Producers:
 * George Lucas&mdash;executive producer
 * Sarah Wall&mdash;associate producer
 * Catherine Winder&mdash;executive producer

Film editor:
 * Jason Tucker

Production management:
 * Trisha Brunner&mdash;post-production supervisor (2008)

Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
 * Justin Ridge&mdash;assistant director

Art (Storyboard/Previsualization) department:
 * Vincent Toscano&mdash;previsualization supervisor
 * Steward Lee&mdash;storyboard artist
 * Justin Ridge&mdash;storyboard artist
 * Le Tang&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Jackie Huang&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Jahkeeli Garnett&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Ben Price&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Sergio Paez&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Bosco Ng&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Daniel Zizmor&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Justin Mettam&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Danny Keller&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Roland Yepez&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Sylvain Doreau&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Regina Cachuela&mdash;technical assistant
 * Ira Owens&mdash;storyboard/previs artist
 * Kelsey Mann&mdash;storyboard/previs artist

Sound department:
 * David Acord&mdash;sound designer (2008)
 * Sean England&mdash;foley recordist (2008)

Visual effects:
 * Jon Childress Farmer&mdash;modeler (2008)
 * Ryan Heuett&mdash;lead layout artist
 * Shawn Lovette&mdash;layout artist
 * Greg Maguire&mdash;research & development supervisor (2007)
 * Gregory Rizzi&mdash;pre-visualization artist
 * Daniel Zizmor&mdash;pre-visualization/effects artist

Animation department:
 * Christian Kubsch&mdash;Head of Lucasfilm Animation's Singapore location
 * Rob Coleman&mdash;Animation director/character animation supervisor
 * Mark Gelfuso&mdash;layout artist
 * Kilian Plunkett
 * 300 other digital artists

Editorial department:
 * Jules Beesley&mdash;assistant editor

Other crew:
 * Laura Sevier&mdash;rights and clearances

Development
George Lucas first wanted to make a Clone Wars animated series in 2002, and Star Wars: Clone Wars was released in 2003 to 2005. He announced his idea for Star Wars: The Clone Wars at April 2005's Star Wars Celebration III: "You know we are working on a 3-D continuation of the pilot series that was on the Cartoon Network, we probably won't start that project for another year". He credited the success of the original Clone Wars series, Star Wars: Clone Wars for the project's genesis. At Comic-Con 2005, Steve Sansweet confirmed that preproduction had begun on the series. He described the look of the new series as "a melding of Asian anime with unique 3-D animation styling." Lucasfilm Animation Vice President and General Manager Gail Currey had a positive reaction to the early episodic treatments for the series. Many digital artists and other production and creative talent were hired from California and Singapore to work on the series. It will be realized as a 3-D computer animation project created by the new Lucasfilm Animation division in their Singapore and California locations. Neither Genndy Tartakovsky (director of the original Clone Wars series) or Nelvana Ltd. (producer of all pre-Clone Wars animation) are involved with the production, but character designer Kilian Plunkett referred to the character designs from the original Clone Wars series when designing the characters for the new series.

Lucasfilm Ltd. and Lucasfilm Animation used Autodesk software to animate both the film and the series. The Maya 3D modeling program was used to create highly detailed worlds, characters and creatures. By February 15, 2006, Lucas Animation was working on animation tests and initial scripts, with Lucas playing a large part in the entire process. Catherine Winder later revealed at Celebration IV that Lucas is mostly focused on the story, and that Lucas and Winder both work on the scripts with the writers. In terms of story and cinematography, the series is not being directed as an animated series, but more along the lines of a live action series. At Comic-Con 2006, Sansweet promised that footage would be shown at Celebration IV, and revealed that the series will be set late during the Clone Wars after Anakin Skywalker has achieved the rank of Jedi Knight. The first group of scripts had been completed, and initial episodes were being worked on.

Dave Filoni was hired as supervising director, and was familiar with previous Star Wars animation projects.

While at Imagina 2007, Rob Coleman revealed that George Lucas was heavily involved in every step of the production, from script to final completion. In terms of effects, there was no rotoscoping involved in any of the images from the series. However, ILM did use motion capture. Script, character design and art direction was being done at ILM, with the animation and rendering is done in Singapore. The final assembly of each episode is done at Skywalker Ranch. As of August 31, Lucas' involvement had resulted in rewrites of most of the scripts, as Lucas insisted on more character development and that the show should not be based in one location, but as many as possible so as to make the story as interesting as possible to the viewer. At George Lucas' March 3 appearance at the 2007 William S. Paley Television Festival, he discussed the series' episodic structure, and that the series would not focus on the Skywalker story. Specifics mentioned were that there are "episodes with nothing but Clone Troopers" and an "episode just about Kit Fisto". At the time, there was no television network set for the series. In a September 2007 interview, Lucas said that "we're on [episode number] 40 right now. We'll probably end up with 50 to 60 episodes before we start to put it on the air. We'd like to put it on next fall, in about a year from now, but we'll see what happens." The series will utilize unused ideas from Lucas' previous Star Wars projects.

Music
The music for the show is being composed by Kevin Kiner, with original themes by John Williams.

Continuity
According to the series creators, continuity with the other Expanded Universe works is being taken very seriously by the series' creators, with Dave Filoni being well-versed in the Expanded Universe. However, Lucas had the right to make slight adjustments for the sake of the story. Additionally, he was consulted directly when dealing with the major characters. According to a November 2006 Internet post by Randy Stradley, editor and author of Dark Horse Comics, he has met with Lucas Animation to discuss integrating the show with the Clone Wars comics. However, the feature film and TV series introduced a number of continuity inconsistencies, many of which directly contradict previously published sources and require retcons and major shifts in the previously established Clone Wars timeline, which are yet to be determined by the Keeper of the Holocron. Leland Chee has indicated that they will wait until the series is largely completed before issuing "a revamped timeline."

Lucasfilm confirmed with TV Guide that The Clone Wars will not supersede the original Clone Wars series in continuity, but will instead expand upon what the original series established. However, Dave Filoni has defended any differences in continuity: "But there’s never an implicit connection between the micro-series that Cartoon Network did previously and the series that we’re doing now. I personally as a fan never think of it as discrediting any of the other material, it’s just that other material is from a different point of view, a different look at the war and take on the war. It’s an ever-Expanding Universe in a lot of ways." Despite this, however, nearly all preceding content is being retconned to match with the new show. One example of a direct contradiction between The Clone Wars and Clone Wars is the use of Eta-2 Actis-class light interceptors at the same point in the timeline Anakin is knighted, whereas in The Clone Wars Delta-7 Aethersprite-class light interceptors are used, which were ostensibly used before the later Eta-2s. In addition, some G-canon elements from works like the novelization of Episode III: Revenge of the Sith are being retconned. For example, in the novelization, Anakin remarks that he has only read about Grievous' Magnaguards in an intel report, despite having fought them in the show. Another very noticeable continuity error is the fact that Anakin has his scar which he received shortly after the Battle of Rendili from Asajj Ventress. He then injured Ventress so severely she was forced to recuperate until the Battle of Boz Pity, after which she deserts the CIS and the war for good. However, as can be evidenced by her presence in the movie and TV series when he has his scar, this is a glaring continuity error.

At his Celebration IV presentations, Filoni showed a series of slides showing several character sculpture designs for the series&mdash;stating that they would share some of the stylization of the original Clone Wars series, but will also have some of the realistic look of the films. He stated, however, that elements of the series will differ slightly from what has been previously established in continuity. Several changes were made from the original Clone Wars series; Obi-Wan doesn't wear as much of his clone general armor, General Grievous will have a cough apparently prior to the Battle of Coruscant, and the Jedi fighting styles are more like the films, and not like some of the exaggerated Jedi abilities portrayed in the original series. Additionally, a duel involving Anakin Skywalker and Count Dooku may retcon the meaning of the two characters' verbal interactions in Revenge of the Sith.

Release
Although the series was first announced in April of 2005, Lucasfilm revealed little information about it until Toy Fair 2007, during which fans were given their first look at the series' 3D animated Yoda. In a regular update to StarWars.com a few weeks before 2007's Celebration IV, fans were informed that executive producer Catherine Winder and supervising director Dave Filoni would be giving a presentation on the series at Celebration IV. It was held on Sunday May 27, 2007 in the Celebration Theater (Room 408AB). Winder and Filoni explained the origins of the series and the production process during the previous two years. The two also screened the series' first trailer to the attendees, which was later posted on StarWars.com. Prior to the release of the trailer, the site had posted a banner promising a "surprise" to be posted on the site on May 27th. Copies of the first official poster for the show were given away to all who attended the presentations. The two also held similar presentations at Celebration Europe in July 2007. StarWars.com created a new division of the site dedicated to The Clone Wars, which is regularly updated with relevant content, including news articles, behind the scenes videos, and blog entries by Pete Vilmur. Winder and Filoni again held a presentation at WonderCon 2008.

Television
Following the completion of the first twenty-two episodes, Lucas shopped the series to various networks. However, he had difficulty securing a network due to the fact that it has a unique tone from most animated series. Fox Broadcasting passed on it, and Cartoon Network was initially unsure. Several networks eventually got into a bidding war over the show. Cartoon Network and TNT eventually won the broadcast rights, with Warner Brothers distributing the feature film debut. Warner had tracked the series' development, and decided on a theatrical launch after viewing some footage. Stuart Snyder, who oversees Cartoon Network and other Turner Broadcasting System cable networks, said he became interested in the new Clone Wars series immediately upon starting the job in May 2007. Snyder flew out to San Francisco, California to screen several episodes, and told George Lucas the only place he wanted to see the show was on Cartoon Network. It was announced on February 12, 2008 that the feature film will be released in theaters on August 15, 2008, with the TV debut in the fall. This announcement was accompanied by an update of the Hyperspace online fan club kit, and an offering of Captain Rex and Ahsoka Tano T-shirts to Hyperspace members. Cartoon Network will air episodes on Friday nights, due to school days. The Clone Wars will premiere October 3, 2008 at 9 p.m. on the Cartoon Network. Stuart Snyder also scheduled The Secret Saturdays and Ben 10: Alien Force to create an action-adventure block of shows on Friday night in an attempt to rejuvenate Cartoon Network and compete with such channels as Nickelodeon and the Disney Channel. Snyder expressed confidence that the shows would help boost ratings: “You catch me at a time where I have a smile on my face because of our internal results,” Snyder said. “I can say there’s a little bit of bragging on the third quarter for us.” In Canada, episodes will air on CTV. In Australia, it airs on Channel Ten.

Marketing
According to series co-director Rob Coleman, some licensees had a very positive reaction upon first seeing footage from the series. Sue Rostoni first stated in June 2007 that a publishing program based on the series was possible, but had not yet been discussed. In summer 2008 it was announced that a five-book novel series would parallel the television series. The first book in the series, Star Wars: The Clone Wars, written by Karen Traviss is a novelization of the theatrically released movie that kicked off the television series. The subsequent four books will retell stories from the series itself. The second book in the series, The Clone Wars: Wild Space, is authored by Karen Miller. The titles of the next three books have yet to be released, but will be written by Traviss and Miller in an alternating pattern, with Traviss writing the third installment which is titled The Clone Wars: No Prisoners, and Miller the fourth and fifth.

Hasbro will release a toy line based on the series, continued from the movie, which will continue throughout the run of the series. A leaked Hasbro redemption certificate bearing the series' logo may imply the release of a preview action figure from the series (possibly Kit Fisto).

Beginning July 4, 2008, Lucasfilm sponsored a Star Wars: The Clone Wars exhibit at Space Center Houston.

Home video
Warner Brothers has the home video rights and has released a single disc, two disc Special Edition and Blu-Ray format of the film on November 11, 2008, with a DVD release of the first four episodes (Ambush, Rising Malevolence, Shadow of Malevolence and Destroy Malevolence), under the umbrella title The Clone Wars: A Galaxy Divided, to be released March 24th. 2009. A further release, titled The Clone Wars: Clone Commandos (presumably containing the episodes Rookies, Downfall of a Droid, Duel of the Droids and Bombad Jedi) is known, but no date of release is currently scheduled.

Reception
Cartoon Network screened an episode for critics as part of the 2008 TCA tour. The episode received generally positive reactions.

The series' debut on October 3, 2008 brought in 3.96 million viewers, and was the channel's most watched series premiere.

Characters

 * Padmé Amidala
 * Captain Argyus
 * Jar Jar Binks
 * Boost
 * Broadside
 * C-3PO
 * Chi Cho
 * Riyo Chuchi
 * Commander Cody
 * CT-327
 * Cutup
 * Droid commando commander
 * Droidbait
 * Count Dooku
 * Lok Durd
 * Echo
 * Turk Falso
 * Onaconda Farr
 * Boba Fett
 * Kit Fisto
 * Bib Fortuna
 * Commander Gree
 * General Grievous
 * Fives
 * Commander Fox
 * Gor
 * Nute Gunray
 * Hevy
 * Jaybo Hood
 * Jek
 * Tee Watt Kaa
 * King Katuunko
 * Obi-Wan Kenobi
 * Plo Koon
 * Whorm Loathsom
 * Matchstick
 * Gha Nachkt
 * Nala Se
 * Queen Neeyutnee
 * O'Niner
 * OOM-224
 * Hondo Ohnaka
 * Palpatine
 * R2-D2
 * R3-S6
 * R6-H5
 * R7-A7
 * R7-F5
 * R4-P17
 * Captain Rex
 * Rotta
 * Rys
 * Aayla Secura
 * Sergeant Sinker
 * Anakin Skywalker
 * Sergeant Slick (clone)
 * TB-2
 * Orn Free Taa
 * Tag
 * Wat Tambor
 * Ahsoka Tano
 * Commander Thire
 * Thi-Sen
 * Captain Typho
 * Jabba Desilijic Tiure
 * Wag Too
 * Tub
 * Luminara Unduli
 * Unit 07
 * Unit 08
 * Unit 09
 * Unit 26
 * Nahdar Vebb
 * Asajj Ventress
 * Nuvo Vindi
 * Mace Windu
 * Commander Wolffe
 * Yoda
 * Admiral Wullf Yularen
 * Ziro the Hutt

Creatures

 * Bantha
 * Can-cell
 * Carrier butterfly
 * Gundark
 * Kwazel Maw
 * Mastif phalone
 * Roggwart
 * Neebray Manta
 * Wolf

The Force

 * Force sense
 * force lightning
 * Telekinesis

Droid models

 * 3PO-series protocol droid
 * B1 battle droid
 * Droid marine
 * Hunter battle droid
 * Firefighter Droid
 * B2 super battle droid
 * Droideka
 * BX-series droid commando
 * DSD1 dwarf spider droid
 * Plunk droid
 * Heavy Missile Platform
 * IG-100 MagnaGuard
 * LM-432 crab droid
 * Octuptarra combat tri-droid
 * OG-9 homing spider droid
 * OOM command battle droid
 * Pistoeka sabotage droid
 * R2-series astromech droid
 * R4-series astromech droid
 * R6-series astromech droid
 * R7-series astromech droid
 * RA-7 protocol droid
 * Rabbit Droid

Events

 * Clone Wars
 * Battle of Bothawui
 * Mission to Rugosa
 * Mission to Skytop Station
 * Duel on Vassek
 * Battle of Abregado
 * Battle of the Kaliida Nebula
 * Battle of Ryndellia
 * Mission aboard the Malevolence
 * Battle of the Rishi Moon
 * Mission to Rodia
 * Skirmish aboard the Tranquility
 * Battle of Vanqor
 * Mission to Florrum
 * Battle of Quell
 * Battle of Maridun
 * Battle of Orto Plutonia
 * Battle of Christophsis
 * Raid on Nuvo Vindi's laboratory
 * Battle of Ryloth

Locations

 * Abregado
 * Antar
 * Dead moon of Antar
 * Balmorra Run
 * Bothawui
 * Coruscant
 * Jedi Temple
 * Republic Executive Building
 * Chancellor's office
 * Senate Building
 * Florrum
 * Kaliida Nebula
 * Kaliida Shoals Medical Center
 * Maridun
 * Quell
 * Rishi
 * Rishi moon
 * Rodia
 * Rugosa
 * Ruusan
 * Ruusan moon
 * Skytop Station
 * Ryloth
 * Tatooine
 * Jabba's Palace
 * Toydaria
 * Vanqor
 * Vassek
 * Grievous's Castle

Organizations and titles

 * Corporate Alliance
 * Confederacy of Independent Systems
 * Commerce Guild
 * Corporate Alliance
 * InterGalactic Banking Clan
 * Separatist Council
 * Techno Union
 * Trade Federation
 * Galactic Republic
 * Grand Army of the Republic
 * Advanced Recon Commando
 * Clone jet trooper
 * Clone trooper
 * Clone trooper pilot
 * Supreme Chancellor
 * Jedi Order
 * Grand Master
 * Jedi Knight
 * Jedi Master
 * Jedi Apprentice
 * Order of the Sith Lords
 * Dark Lord of the Sith

Sentient species

 * Aqualish
 * Arcona
 * Bith
 * Duros
 * Human
 * Mirialan
 * Gran
 * Gungan
 * Hutt
 * Ithorian
 * Jawa
 * Kaleesh
 * Kaminoan
 * Kel Dor
 * Lurmen
 * Nautolan
 * Neimoidian
 * Nikto
 * Rattataki
 * Rodian
 * Skakoan
 * Togruta
 * Toydarian
 * Trandoshan
 * Twi'lek
 * Weequay
 * Yoda's species

Vehicles and vessels

 * Acclamator I-class assault ship
 * All Terrain Tactical Enforcer
 * Armored Assault Tank
 * Bantha-II cargo skiff
 * BARC speeder
 * Battlesphere
 * BTL-B Y-wing starfighter
 * C-9979 landing craft
 * Consular-class space cruiser
 * Delta-7B Aethersprite-class light interceptor
 * Anakin Skywalker's Delta-7B Aethersprite-class light interceptor
 * Ahsoka Tano's Delta-7B Aethersprite-class light interceptor
 * Kit Fisto's Delta-7B Aethersprite-class light interceptor
 * Plo Koon's Delta-7B ''Aethersprite-class light interceptor
 * Droch-class boarding ship
 * Flitknot speeder
 * G9 Rigger
 * Twilight
 * GS-100 salvage ship
 * Vulture's Claw
 * Hyena-class bomber
 * J-type star skiff
 * Low Altitude Assault Transport/carrier
 * Low Altitude Assault Transport/infantry
 * Lucrehulk-class Droid Control Ship
 * Munificent-class star frigate
 * Nu-class attack shuttle
 * Obex
 * Pirate tank
 * Porax-38 starfighter
 * Sheathipede-class transport shuttle
 * Single Trooper Aerial Platform
 * Subjugator-class heavy cruiser
 * Malevolence
 * Ubrikkian Industries luxury sail barge
 * Khetanna
 * V-19 Torrent starfighter
 * Variable Geometry Self-Propelled Battle Droid, Mark I
 * Venator-class Star Destroyer
 * Negotiator
 * Resolute
 * Tranquility
 * Triumphant
 * Weequay pirate ship
 * Weequay saucer craft

Weapons and technology

 * Blaster
 * DC-15A blaster rifle
 * DC-15S blaster
 * E-5 blaster rifle
 * Z-6 rotary blaster cannon
 * Cyborg
 * Electrostaff
 * Grappling hook
 * Hologram
 * Imagecaster
 * Lightsaber
 * Phase I clone trooper armor
 * Phase II clone trooper armor
 * Shield

Miscellanea

 * Force Choke
 * Force Jump
 * Force lightning
 * Force Pull