Alliance to Restore the Republic

The Alliance to Restore the Republic, commonly known as the Rebel Alliance or the Rebellion, was a resistance movement formed by Bail Organa and Mon Mothma to oppose the reign of the Galactic Empire. It came together from a series of rebel cells, including the crew of the Ghost.

The Alliance was born from the remnants of the Jedi Order and with the support of renegade members of the Imperial Senate such as Bail Organa and, later, his daughter Leia. Found and united by Organa, the rebels were assisted by several surviving Jedi, such as Ahsoka Tano, Kanan Jarrus, and his Padawan, Ezra Bridger.

As opposed to waging all-out war, the Alliance waged a war of attrition against the government, establishing small settlements across the galaxy instead of totally controlling a planet.

When the Alliance successfully stole the plans for the Empire's ultimate weapon, the Death Star, and destroyed the space station in the Battle of Yavin, the tide of the war begun to change and the Rebel threat begun to prove a severe thorn in the Empire's side. However, under the command of Darth Vader, the Imperial forces succeeded in defeating the Alliance on Hoth, driving their remaining troops back into hiding.

Eventually, the Alliance prevailed against the Empire and badly crippled it when they launched an attack against the second Death Star during its construction. Not only did the Rebellion manage to destroy the space station, they killed both Darth Vader, the Empire's top military commander, and Emperor Sheev Palpatine himself.

Early foundations
"So this is how liberty dies... with thunderous applause."

- Padmé Amidala, to Bail Organa following the declaration of a New Order

While the Alliance to Restore the Republic was a resistance movement opposed to the tyranny of the Galactic Empire and its New Order, its roots predated the actual birth of the Empire itself, when the Galactic Republic was in its last years of existence. During the Clone Wars, a conflict that pitted the Republic against the Confederacy of Independent Systems, Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine had managed to obtain emergency powers from the Galactic Senate. Gradually, certain members of the Chancellor's own Loyalist Committee, including Bail Organa of Alderaan, Padmé Amidala pf Naboo, and Mon Mothma started to complain on the chief of state's conduct. The discontent senatorial representatives ended up forming the Delegation of 2,000. They signed the Petition of 2,000, a document that formally expressed its signatories' concerns with Palpatine's rule and called for him to relinquish his emergency powers as soon as possible. Senator Meena Tills of Mon Cala was among the petitioners.

Shortly thereafter, the Clone Wars was brought to an end. Far from relinquishing his dictatorial status, Chancellor Palpatine unilaterally abolished the Republic in front of the whole Senate. Anointing himself Galactic Emperor, he transformed the democratic government into an authoritarian regime he called the First Galactic Empire. Unbeknownst to most of the galactic community, the self-promoted Emperor Palpatine was in fact a malevolent Sith Lord known as Darth Sidious, and he had masterminded the Clone Wars just so he could overthrow the Republic. The Emperor immediately started to subvert democracy in the galaxy, and declared the peace-keeping Jedi Knights enemies of the state. In the immediate aftermath of the Clone Wars, Senators Organa and Mothma started working in secret to overthrow the Empire.

Age of the Empire
"They're not trying to make a difference. They're just trying to strike back.''" "''And I understand that. But if the people who have a beef with the Empire act solely in their own interests, it won't do anybody else any good. In fact, it might make it harder for any kind of real rebellion to flower&mdash;"

- Kanan Jarrus and Hera Syndulla

In the absence of any major opposition, the Galactic Empire thrived during the first years of Palpatine's reign, amassing a vast military. The reformed Senate, being even less effective than it was during the last days of the Republic, would not restrain that massive military expansion. Although many people held a grudge against the Empire, few dared to act. Those who did often acted solely in their own interests, which actually made it harder for any kind of real, organized rebellion to appear.

However, by the fourteenth year of Palpatine's reign, a number of rebel cells had formed, operating all across the galaxy. Those cells, which included the Lothal rebels led by the former Jedi Kanan Jarrus and Commander Sato of the Phoenix Squadron, were part of a larger rebel network led by former Padawan Ahsoka Tano and Senator Bail Organa, who had already opposed Palpatine many years earlier. At that point, members of those cells were not supposed to know they were part of a larger movement, in case they were captured and interrogated. The cells were only provided with intelligence on a need-to-know basis by Ahsoka Tano, using the code name of "Fulcrum."

The Galactic Civil War
"Until this battlestation is fully operational, we are vulnerable. The Rebel Alliance is too well equipped; they're more dangerous than you realize."

- General Cassio Tagge

By the nineteenth year of the Imperial period, the rebel network had evolved into the Alliance to Restore the Republic, a full-fledged resistance movement headed by Bail Organa and Mon Mothma. Now in the possession of a respectable starfleet that included T-65 X-wing starfighter and A-wing starfighters, the Alliance was able to fight the Empire on more equal terms. At the time, the Alliance was headquartered on the lush moon of Yavin 4, in an ancient stone structure known as the Great Temple of Massassi. Leia Organa, daughter of Bail Organa and crown princess of Alderaan, had succeeded her father in the Imperial Senate, and was also a secret member of the Alliance. Prominent Alliance war leaders of the time included General Dodonna and Admiral Ackbar. Some of the Empire's Joint Chiefs, like General Cassio Tagge, realized the full threat of what they called "the Rebellion." Others, like Admiral Antonio Motti, believed in the infallibility of the Empire's might.

Victory at Yavin
"Thanks to your courage, we have delivered a telling blow to the Empire with the destruction of their Death Star. But our own casualities were not small."

- Leia Organa

A major blow to Palpatine's regime was struck when Princess Leia Organa managed to steal the blueprints of the Death Star, the Empire's planet-killing battle station, which had just been completed after nearly two decades of work. However, the princess's ship fell under Imperial attack over Tatooine. She was captured by Emperor Palpatine's right-hand-man, the dreaded Darth Vader, which prevented her from bringing the blueprints to her father back on Alderaan. She still managed to entrust the plans to the droids R2-D2 and C-3PO, who escaped the ship in a lifeboat and landed on Tatooine below. After Imperial Grand Moff Wilhuff Tarkin ordered the destruction of Alderaan with the Death Star's superlaser, Leia Organa was rescued from the battle station's jail by a crew of unlikely heroes: Luke Skywalker, a farmboy from Tatooine turned Jedi apprentice, Han Solo, a Corellian smuggler, Chewbacca, Solo's Wookiee copilot, and the two droids. The group escaped the Death Star and headed for the Alliance headquarters on Yavin 4, where the plans of Empire's superweapon were studied.

Having traced the fleeing rebels, the Empire discovered the location of the Alliance base, and the Death Star closed in to Yavin 4. The Alliance then launched its assault against the battle station, with Princess Leia monitoring in the command center. Luke Skywalker joined the mission in his own way, piloting an X-wing under the call sign of Red Five. As the Empire readied to destroy to Yavin 4 and the Alliance with a single blow of its superlaser, Han Solo unexpectedly saved Skywalker by blasting a group of Imperial TIE starfighters that were giving him chase. Skywalker managed to fire a proton torpedo into the Death Star's exhaust port, destroying the battle station by exploiting its only weakness.

In the shadow of Yavin, the Alliance had one its first major tactical victory, but at an enormous cost in lives. In addition to the Alliance pilots who died during the assault, at least millions of Alderaanians had perished with their planet, and Bail Organa was among them. After an award ceremony during which Princess Leia presented the heroes of the day with medals of valor, Alliance general Dodonna made it his priority to have Yavin 4 evacuated. Now that the Empire knew their location, they had to find a new base of operations as soon as possible.

The Hoth failure
Three years after the Battle of Yavin, the Alliance to Restore the Republic had established a new settlement, Echo Base, on the icy planet of Hoth. However, one of the many Imperial probe droids searching the galaxy ended up discovering the Rebels' presence. The Imperial Death Squadron, Darth Vader's personal armada, headed for Hoth with a contingent of ground troops, ready to crush the rebellion once and for all. However, due to a mistake by the Imperial admiral Kendel Ozzel, the Alliance forces were warned of the Empire's arrival. The Rebels had time to activate the deflector shield protecting Echo Base, rendering orbital bombardment impossible. As the Alliance prepared for evacuation, Imperial troops disembraked on the surface of Hoth, beyond the range of the energy shields. Once there, sereval legions of snowtroopers advanced on Echo Base. A squadron of All Terrain Armored Transports under the command of General Maximillian Veers was tasked with destroying the massive generators powering the Rebel base's shield.

Luke Skywalker, now a commander, led his Rogue Squadron of snowspeeders against General Veers' armored transports. By using a harpoon gun and tow cable, the Rebels managed to bring down one of the transports, but Skywalker's snowspeeder was shot down. Unlike his gunner Dak Ralter, the Rogue commander survived the accident. With the help of his lightsaber and a grenade, he still managed to destroy another walker. Despite the Rebels' best efforts to delay Veers' armored transports, the Imperial general successfully blew up the protective shield generator, allowing Darth Vader and his men to enter Echo Base. While the Rebel command personnel and material was loaded into transports and whisked away just in time, the unprepared Alliance soldiers engaged the Imperials in conventional warfare. Unable to reach a transport, Princess Leia Organa, Han Solo, and the droid C-3PO took their flight in the Millennium Falcon. The Alliance delayed the Imperial troops long enough to get its most important staff off planet, and its ground-based ion cannon temporarily disabled all ships of the Imperial Death Squadron, preventing them from attacking the escaping transports. All in all, the Empire still won a major victory on Hoth, as the Alliance was routed from its base once again and barely escaped Death Squadron's blockade.

Behind the scenes
Dave Filoni mentioned that George Lucas saw the Rebellion as originating from the Jedi teaching guerrilla groups to fight the Separatists themselves, as depicted in the Onderon arc of The Clone Wars.

Appearances

 * A New Dawn
 * Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope
 * A New Hope Read-Along Storybook and CD
 * Star Wars: Princess Leia, Part I
 * Star Wars 1: Skywalker Strikes, Part I
 * Star Wars 2: Skywalker Strikes, Part II
 * Star Wars 3: Skywalker Strikes, Part III
 * Star Wars: Commander
 * Star Wars: Battlefront
 * Heir to the Jedi
 * Star Wars: Episode V The Empire Strikes Back
 * AT-AT Attack!
 * Star Wars: Episode VI Return of the Jedi
 * The Adventures of Luke Skywalker, Jedi Knight
 * Star Wars: Galactic Defense
 * The Adventures of Luke Skywalker, Jedi Knight
 * Star Wars: Galactic Defense