Mando'a/Legends

Mando'a, sometimes referred to as Mandalorian, was the language spoken by the Mandalorian warrior culture and the Ancient Taungs of Coruscant.

Grammar notes
Mando'a sentence structure was very similar to Galactic Basic: that is, subject-verb-object. There were a few points of difference, though. Mando'a was intended primarily as a spoken language, and rules were put in place to make it easily pronounceable.

Plural
Most words in their plural form looked the same, but ended in an e. If the singular noun ended in a vowel, the plural then ended in se. There were exceptions, however, like Gett'se.

The plural diminutive form of ad was Ad'ike because the diminutive was Ad'ika. One would drop the a and put an e there instead.

Word merging in Mando'a
Many words in Mando'a were merged out of two or more other words, but the translations were usually only one word. Literally, those merged words had a normal, sensible meaning. A good example was dar'jetii which, literally translated, was "no longer a Jedi", but which was actually used to mean "Sith." There were no stated rules about word merging, but it remained an important aspect of Mando'a.

An apostrophe was used in words to indicate that two had been put together, as in compound nouns. When a compound word is difficult to say, the speaker would elide; Mando'a was primarily a spoken language, so ease of pronunciation was paramount. Instead of saying vore entye, for example, the phrase became Vor'entye, which was transformed into Vor'e.

Excluded letters
The letters x, z, and f were not in Mando'a, although a sound similar to that of f presented itself with vh, and z is represented as s.

Clitics
In Mando'a, clitics were freestanding and preceded other words in a sentence. For example, tion was the interrogative clitic, so Karen, tion mhi hibira Mando'a iviin'yc? means: Karen, are we learning Mando'a quickly?

Articles
The words "the" and "a/an" weren't used much in Mando'a, except for emphasis. There were a few Mando'a words for "the," the main one being te, and "a/an" translated to "eyn".

Conjugations
There were two forms of most verbs: the infinitives, which ended in r, and everything else, which do not use the r. For example, one wouldn't have said Ni vorer, but Ni vore. When using auxiliaries like ven or liser, the auxiliary was conjugated and then followed by the infinitive of the full verb. An example would be: "Gar lise jorhaa'ir." ("You can speak.")

Adjectives from nouns
To turn a noun into an adjective, the suffixes -la (lah) and -yc (sh) could be added, either of which could have been chosen depending on ease of pronunciation. A popular example of this was Di'kut. Di'kut itself meant, essentially, idiot. But to turn it into an adjective, the -la suffix was added, resulting in Di'kutla. The suffix -la was used merely because it merged more easily with Di'kut than would -yc; such remained the case under all similar circumstances.

Superlatives and comparatives
Comparatives and superlatives tended to be constructed from adjectives with the suffix -shy'a for the comparative (e.g. dralshy'a: brighter, stronger) or -ne for the superlative (e.g. jatne: best).

Vocabulary

 * Note: The following section contains words that some may consider to be unsuitable for younglings.

As a special note, it needs to be said that there is no word for "hero" in Mando'a - only a word for those who are not heroes, but "cowards": hut'uun/e.

The following are a few of the known Mando'a words, and the most accurate possible translations thereof.

For the full Mando'a dictionary, see:

Verbs

 * atiniir (ah-teen-EER) - to endure, to stick with, to tough it out
 * baatir (BAH-teer) - to care, to worry about
 * beten - to sigh
 * brokar - to beat (heartbeat, drumbeat)
 * cuyir - to be, to exist
 * dinuir (DEE-noo-eer) - to give
 * duraanir - to look down upon, to hold in contempt, to despise
 * duumir - to allow
 * ganar - to have
 * gaan - to want
 * hettir - to burn
 * hibirar - to learn
 * hukaatir (HOO-kaht-EER) - to protect, to cover, to shield
 * jehaatir - to lie
 * jorso'ran - shall bear (archaic)
 * jurir - to bear, to carry
 * jorhaa'ir - to speak
 * jurkadir - to mess with someone (lit: to brandish a saber)
 * kaliik - stab
 * kar'taylir - to know
 * liser - to be able to, can
 * motir - to stand
 * narir (nah-REER) - to act (carry out), to do
 * nartir (nah-ree-TEER) - to place, to put
 * nau'ur (also: sometimes seen as naur) (now-00R) - to light up
 * nau'ur kad - to forge a saber
 * nynir - to hit, to strike
 * parjir - to win, to be victorious
 * shabiir - to screw up
 * shukur - to break, to smash/tear apart, to crush
 * solus - each, individual, alone
 * susulur - to hear, to listen
 * takisir - to insult
 * trattok'o - fall, fail
 * udesiir - to relax, to rest, to be peaceful
 * verborir - to buy, to hire, to contract
 * vorer - to accept

Adjectives and adverbs

 * a'denla - vengeful
 * adenn - merciless
 * ani'la - ultimate
 * aruetyc (ah-roo-ay-TEESH) - traitorous
 * atin (ah-TEEN) - stubborn
 * briikase - happy
 * dar (dahr) - no longer
 * darasuum - eternal/eternally, forever
 * di'kutla - foolish, idiotic (severe)
 * draar (drahr) - never
 * dral - bright
 * dralshy'a (drahl-SHEE-ya) - stronger, more powerful
 * ge'tal - red
 * hettyc - burning
 * hut'uunla (hoo-OON-lah) - cowardly
 * iviin'yc - fast, quickly
 * jate - good
 * jatne (JAT-nay) - best
 * kandosii - indomitable, noble, ruthless
 * mirdala - clever
 * nau - before
 * ne'tra - black
 * ori (OH-ree) - big, extreme, very
 * racin - pale
 * shabla - screwed up (offensive)
 * shukla - crushed
 * solus - one, alone, each, individual, vulnerable
 * sol'yc - first
 * talyc - bloody (can be used to describe meat as "rare")
 * teroch - pitiless
 * tome - together
 * tracyn'la - grilled, chargrilled, scorched
 * troch - certainly
 * ures - without
 * usen'ye - rudest way to tell someone to go away (same root as osik)

Nouns

 * abesh - east
 * abiik - air
 * a'den - wrath, rage
 * adu - sons (archaic)
 * ad - son, daughter, child
 * ad'ika - kid, lad, boy, sweetie, darling
 * aka (AH-kah) mission
 * akaan - war
 * akaan'ade (AH-kahn-AH-day) army
 * aliit (ah-LEET) - family, clan
 * aruetii (ah-roo-AY-tee) - traitor, outsider, comparable to "them"
 * aruetiise (ah-roo-ay-TEE-say) - Aruetii, plural
 * ba'buir - grandfather/grandmother
 * ba'vodu - uncle
 * beroya (bair-OY-ah) bounty hunter
 * beskar - Mandalorian iron
 * beskar'gam - armor (literally "iron skin")
 * Bes'uliik - Basilisk (literally "iron beast")
 * behot - a citrus-flavored herb, antiseptic, and mild stimulant
 * birgaan - backpack
 * buir (boo-EER) - father/mother
 * burc'ya (BOOR-sha) - friend
 * buy'ce (BOO-shay, s.); buy'cese (pl.) - helmet; colloquial: pint, bucket
 * ca - night
 * chakaar - thief, petty criminal, scumbag, bitch, bastard, bugger, (lit: "grave robber")
 * chig (CHEEG) - any kind of hot drink, an infusion
 * Coruscanta - Coruscant
 * cyar'tomade - fans, a group of people with affection for something
 * carasuum (dah-RAH-soom) - eternity
 * dar'buir (DAHR boo-EER) - no longer a father (very shameful)
 * dar'manda (dahr-MAHN-da) - a state of being "not Mandalorian"; not an outsider, but one who has lost his heritage, and so his identity and soul
 * dar'jetii - no longer a Jedi (Sith, Dark Jedi)
 * dar'yaim - a hell, a place you want to forget
 * dha (dah) - dark
 * di'kut (dee-KOOT) - a foolish, idiotic, useless individual (severe); context-dependent:can mean jerk, moron, idiot, etc. (sometimes vulgar)
 * droten (DROH-ten) - people, public.
 * entye (ENT-yay} - debt
 * gal - ale
 * gayi'kaab - radio
 * gayiyli - resurrector
 * gett - nut
 * ge'verd (ge-VAIRD) - almost a warrior
 * gihaal (gee-HAAL) - fish-meal
 * gra'tua (gra-TOO-ah) - revenge, vengeance
 * hut'uun (hoo-TOON) - coward
 * ib'tuur - today (lit: "this day")
 * jai'galaar - shriek-hawk
 * Jetii (Jay-tee) - (the) Jedi
 * Jetiise - (the) Republic, plural "Jedi"
 * ka'ra - stars
 * ka'rta - heart
 * kad - saber
 * kad'au (kahd-OW) - lightsaber
 * kama - backside, back, belt-spat
 * Kaminiise - Kaminoans
 * kando (KAHN-do) - importance, weight
 * ke'gyce - command, order
 * kom'rk - gauntlet
 * kot - strength
 * kote - glory, might
 * kyr'am - death
 * Mand'alor - Mandalore
 * Manda'yaim - Mandalore
 * Mando'ad - Mandalorian (lit: Son/Daughter/Child of Mandalore)
 * Mar'eyce - discovery
 * mirshe - brain, brains
 * mirsh - brain cell
 * ne'tra gal - black ale
 * norac - back
 * ori'ramikade - Supercommandos (lit: Super-raiders with sabers)
 * or'dinii - complete lunatic
 * osik - crap, poodoo (sometimes vulgar)
 * parjai - victory
 * prudii - shadow
 * rang - ash
 * runi - soul
 * shebs (shebs, s.); shebse (SHEB-say, pl.) - backside, rear, butt (sometimes vulgar)
 * Siit - Sith
 * Shuk'om - Crushgaunt
 * tal - blood
 * tar - starfield, space, star, sky
 * tat - brother (Concord Dawn dialect for vod)
 * Taungsarang - the ash of the Taung
 * tihaar (TEE-har) - an alcoholic drink; a strong, clear spirit made from fruit
 * tor - justice
 * tracinya - flame
 * tracyn - fire
 * troan - face
 * tsad - alliance, group, organization
 * tuur - day
 * uj'alayi (OOH-jah-LIE-ee) - a very dense, very sweet cake made from crushed nuts, dried fruit and spices, and then soaked in a sticky scented syrup called uj'jayl. Colloquially known as an Uj cake.
 * uj'Jayl (ooh-JAI-ul) - a sticky scented syrup
 * ven - future
 * verd - warrior
 * vhett - farmer
 * vod (VOHD) - brother, sister, comrade
 * vode (VOH-day) - brothers, sisters, comrades
 * vod'ika - little brother, little sister
 * Vongese - Yuuzhan Vong or just Vong
 * Werda - shadows (archaic)

Phrases

 * Aliit ori'shya taldin - "Family is more than blood." Mandalorian Proverb.
 * Ba'slan shev'la. - Strategic disappearance. Mandalorian Phrase.
 * Copaani gaan? - Need a hand?
 * "Gar aruetyc jetiise lise nau'ur ca ti jetii'kade, a'a'denla Siite hibira atiniir darasuum." - "You traitorous Jedi can light up the night with your lightsabers, but the vengeful Sith learn to endure forever."
 * Gedet'ye - please
 * K'atini - Suck it up!
 * Kandosii! - "Awesome!"
 * Ke'pare, ke baslana meh mhi Kyrayc - "Stand by, (and) get out if we don't make it."
 * Ke'pare - "Stand by"
 * Udesii - "calm down", "take it easy"
 * Su'cuy! - a friendly greeting (lit: "still live," i.e. "so you're still alive.")
 * Resol'nare - Six Actions
 * Re'turcye mhi! - goodbye, equivalent to the French au revoir''
 * Ret'ini - Just in case
 * Cuy'val Dar - "Those who no longer exist"
 * Vor'e (VOHR-ay.) - thanks, short form of vor entye
 * Vor entye - thank you (lit: "I accept your debt")
 * Mir'osik - something undesirable where your brains ought to be, i.e. "Shit for brains"
 * Wayii, ni mirdala dalal'ika! - "Golly gosh, what a jolly clever girl I am!"
 * Haili cetare (HI-lee ket-AH-ray) - Eat up, equivalent to the French Bon appetit (lit: "Fill your boots")
 * Mar'e (MAH-ray) - expression of relief colloquial: "At last!"
 * Ke'sush (Keh-SOOSH) - "Atten-shun!", the good old army command
 * Verd ori'shya beskar'gam. - "A warrior is more than (his) armor" (Mandalorian proverb)
 * Ner vod (nair vohd) - "my brother/sister" colloquial: "(my) buddy/pal/lad/chap"
 * Duraani, burc'ya? - "Are you looking at me funny, pal?" (colloquial)
 * Usenye (oo-SEN-yay) - "Go away!"
 * Tion'ad hukaat'kama? (Tee-ON-ahd HOO-kaht-KA-ma) - "Who's watching your back?"
 * Ori'jate - "Very good"
 * Mirsh'kyramud (MEERSH-keer'AH-mood) - boring person (lit: "brain killer")
 * Ke nu jurkad sha Mando'ade, burc'ya! - "Don't mess with Mandos, mate!" (lit: "Don't wave your saber at Mandolorians, mate!" )
 * Ke nu jurkad ti Mando'ade, burc'ya! - "Don't cross swords with Mandos, mate!"
 * Nu jurkad Mando'ade, burc'ya! - a reassurance, comparable to "Steady, mate"
 * N'jurkad - "Don't mess with me"
 * Tsad droten - Republic, democracy, even government; context-dependent (lit: "people's organization")
 * Ib'tuur jatne tuur ash'ad kyr'amur. - "Today is a good day for some other bugger to die." (lit: "This day (is) the best (for) another person to die.")
 * Ke narir haar'ke'gyce rol'eta resol! - "Execute Order 66!" (not a Mando'a saying)
 * Ni kar'tayli gar darasuum (nee kar-TILE garh dah-RAH-soom) - colloquial: "I love you."
 * Mirdala Mird'ika! - "Clever Mird!" (spoken to Walon Vau's pet Strill, Lord Mirdalan)
 * Haat, Ijaa, Haa'it - Truth, Honor, Vision&mdash;said when sealing a pact
 * Hukaat'kama (hu-KAHT-ka-MAH) - Watch my back, watch my six
 * K'uur - Hush, Be quiet
 * Nar dralshy'a - Try harder
 * Gar ru kaymaru kaysh, di'kut: tion'meh kaysh ru jehaati? You killed him, you moron: what if he was lying? (Said by Kal Skirata to Walon Vau.
 * Ni ru kaymaru Niktose. Meh Orjul jehaati, kay kar'tayli me'ni ven kaymaru kaysh I killed the Nikto. If Orjul's lying, he knows I will kill him. (Walon Vau to Kal Skirata)
 * Ke barjurir gar'ade, jagyc'ade kot'la a dalyc'ade kotla'shya. - "Train your sons to be strong but your daughters to be stronger." Mandalorian saying.
 * N 'oya 'kari gihaal, Buir. (Noy-ah KAR-ee gee-HAAL, boo-EER) - I've been hunting fish-meal, Father.
 * Kom'rk tsad droten troch nyn ures adenn, Dha Werda Verda a'den tratu. - They were the wrath of the warrior's shadow and the Gauntlet of the Republic (A line Mandalorian war song adapted for the Republic Commandos).
 * Nu kyr'adyc, shi taab'echaaj'la - "Not gone, merely marching far away" (Mandalorian phrase for the departed)
 * Mishuk gotal'u meshuroke, pako kyore. - Pressure makes gems, ease makes decay. Mandalorian Proverb.
 * Ori'buyce, kih'kovid. - "All helmet, no head." (Mandalorian insult for someone with an overdeveloped sense of authority.)
 * Mandokarla - You've got the right stuff.

Other words

 * a - but
 * an - all
 * ashi - other
 * ast - itself
 * bal - and
 * bah - to
 * be - of
 * cuun (koon) - our
 * kaysh (kaysh) - him, his
 * ke - imperative prefix
 * ke nu - "don't" prefix
 * lo (loh) - into
 * elek (EL-eck) - yes (colloquial: lek, comparable to "yeah")
 * gar - you, your
 * haar - emphatic definite article (rare)
 * ibic - this
 * juaan - beside
 * meg (mayg) - which, that
 * meh (mey) - if
 * mhi (mee) - we
 * nayc (NAYSH) - no (colloquial: shh, comparable to "nah")
 * ner (nair) - my
 * ni - I
 * par - for
 * ra - or
 * sa - as, like
 * sha or shal - at (when used in front of a consonant)
 * te - the
 * teh - from
 * ti - with
 * tion - interrogative prefix
 * tion'ad - who, interrogative
 * vaii - where
 * val - they, their, theirs
 * ven - future prefix

Numbers

 * solus (SOH-loos) - one
 * t'ad (tahd) - two
 * ehn (enn) - three
 * cuir (KOO-eer) - four
 * rayshe'a (ray-SHEE-ah) - five
 * resol (reh-SOL) - six
 * e'tad (EH-tad) - seven
 * sh'ehn (shayn) - eight
 * she'cu (SHAY-koo) - nine
 * ta'raysh (ta-RAYSH) - ten

Songs

 * Rage of the Shadow Warriors
 * Kote Darasuum
 * Ka'rta Tor
 * Gra'tua Cuun
 * Vode An
 * Mandalorian Drinking Chant

Behind the scenes
The first hints of a Mandalorian language was a dialect that Revan learns from Sasha ot Sulem in the Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic video game. However, the creation of Mando'a as an individual language began with the introduction song to Star Wars:Republic Commando, known as "Vode An" (Brothers All).

Sasha ot Sulem's language is a mix of Mandalorian and Galactic Basic Standard, and is therefore unrelated to this one. It's not known if it's a different canonical dialect or if it becomes non-canon.

It should be noted that Mando'ade are a garrulous people, and Karen Traviss is British, and as such, the list above includes both obscenities and British slang.

It is currently being developed into a full, working language by author Karen Traviss; a common practice among the caretakers of fictional universes (see Elvish and Klingon), but never before attempted for Star Wars in an official capacity.

A glossary of many different words and phrases are located in the back of Traviss's book Republic Commando: Triple Zero as well as in Star Wars Insider 86; other official language resources are online. For this article, an unofficial list has been culled from various Internet and literary sources.

Appearances

 * Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic 8: Flashpoint, Part 2
 * Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic 14: Days of Fear, Part 2
 * Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic 19: Daze of Hate, Part 1
 * Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic 20: Daze of Hate, Part 2
 * Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic 21: Daze of Hate, Part 3
 * The Taris Holofeed Special Proclamation
 * Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic 22: Knights of Suffering, Part 1
 * Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic 24: Knights of Suffering, Part 3
 * ''Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic 26: Vector, Part 2
 * Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic
 * Star Wars: Republic Commando
 * Republic Commando: Hard Contact
 * Omega Squad: Targets
 * Republic Commando: Triple Zero
 * Republic Commando: True Colors
 * Odds
 * The Cestus Deception
 * Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption
 * Boba Fett: A Practical Man
 * Bloodlines
 * Sacrifice
 * Revelation
 * Star Wars Legacy: Broken
 * Star Wars Legacy 16: Claws of the Dragon, Part 3