Black box

A black box was a piece of equipment installed aboard T-70 X-wing fighters, which logged the events aboard the ship. When Resistance pilot Poe Dameron was captured by the First Order during the Massacre at Tuanul, the black box was removed from his X-wing, Black One, and sent to the encryption department for examination.

Behind the scenes
In real life, a black box, or flight recorder, consist of a flight data recorder (FDR), which also exists in Star Wars canon, and a cockpit voice recorder (CVR). The flight data recorder is used to record specific aircraft performance parameters, while the cockpit voice recorder is used to record the audio environment in the flight deck.